Internet: Juan Catamuel's (1606-1682) father was an aristocratic engineer from Luxembourg, his mother was of noble birth too and from Bohemia; they lived in Madrid. Caramuel was interested in mathematics and astronomy right from his childhood. In 1625, Caramuel entered the monastery of the Cistercian order La Espina, Diocese Palencia, Spain, and then made a brilliant career in the Church, as genius (sometimes Spanish Leibniz) and as famous preacher. Caramuel was befriended with the Jesuit Juan Eusebio Nieremberg (1595-1658). He is comparable to the German Jesuit Athanasius Kircher (1601-1680).At frst Caramuel received the usual special education at a College. He studied Theology at the University of Alacala de Henares nearby Madrid, where he finished with the Magister Artium. Then he continued his studies at the University of Salamanca and from 1632 onwards at the University of Leuven, where he was a promotor of the Spanish interests and helped to defend the city against the French and the Dutch, because fortication architecture also belonged to his fields of interest. In Leuven, Caramuel also took part in the discussion about Jansenism and then started his career asmoralist and defender of probabilism, which later brought him the title byAlfonso de Liguori (1696-1787) "princeps laxistarum" (prince of laxists). In 1638 he was awarded with the doctor title at the University of Leuven.Till 1645 Caramuel taught in Leuven and became Abbot of Melrose in Scotland, but never went there. In 1645 Caramuel went to Prague where he stayed in Ecclesiastical service till 1655 and helped to defend the city against the Swedes bravely; he also dealt with the Jewish mysticism of the Cabbala. In 1655 he went to Italy. He became Bishop of different dioceses, as for example of KÄonggrÄatz, Otranto and fnally of Vigevano.Caramuel worked for the project of universal science, Lullian combinatorics, mathematics, and left more than 70 books and many articles about differentf ields, so, for example on morals, linguistics, music, mathematics, architecture. Caramuel is also considered to be the inventor of binary arithmetics and wrote one of the frst Chinese grammars in Europe. He also composed and printed many shaped poems with religious implications. -- Source of annotation: Marvin or Ruth Sackner.